diff --git a/Lib/fontTools/colorLib/builder.py b/Lib/fontTools/colorLib/builder.py
index a76992489..b6a54eae5 100644
--- a/Lib/fontTools/colorLib/builder.py
+++ b/Lib/fontTools/colorLib/builder.py
@@ -493,10 +493,23 @@ def buildPaintGlyph(glyph: str, paint: _PaintInput) -> ot.Paint:
     return self
 
 
-def buildPaintColorGlyph(glyph: str) -> ot.Paint:
+def buildPaintColorGlyph(
+    glyph: str, firstLayerIndex: int = 0, lastLayerIndex: int = 255
+) -> ot.Paint:
     self = ot.Paint()
     self.Format = int(ot.Paint.Format.PaintColorGlyph)
     self.Glyph = glyph
+    if firstLayerIndex > lastLayerIndex:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Expected first <= last index, found: {firstLayerIndex} > {lastLayerIndex}"
+        )
+    for prefix in ("first", "last"):
+        indexName = f"{prefix}LayerIndex"
+        index = locals()[indexName]
+        if index < 0 or index > 255:
+            raise OverflowError(f"{indexName} ({index}) out of range [0..255]")
+    self.FirstLayerIndex = firstLayerIndex
+    self.LastLayerIndex = lastLayerIndex
     return self
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/fontTools/ttLib/tables/otData.py b/Lib/fontTools/ttLib/tables/otData.py
index e30b24f7f..360bb58f3 100755
--- a/Lib/fontTools/ttLib/tables/otData.py
+++ b/Lib/fontTools/ttLib/tables/otData.py
@@ -1646,6 +1646,8 @@ otData = [
 	('PaintFormat5', [
 		('uint8', 'PaintFormat', None, None, 'Format identifier-format = 5'),
 		('GlyphID', 'Glyph', None, None, 'Virtual glyph ID for a BaseGlyphV1List base glyph.'),
+		('uint8', 'FirstLayerIndex', None, None, 'First layer index to reuse'),
+		('uint8', 'LastLayerIndex', None, None, 'Last layer index to reuse, inclusive'),
 	]),
 	('PaintFormat6', [
 		('uint8', 'PaintFormat', None, None, 'Format identifier-format = 6'),
diff --git a/Tests/colorLib/builder_test.py b/Tests/colorLib/builder_test.py
index 016c2f277..c91e85418 100644
--- a/Tests/colorLib/builder_test.py
+++ b/Tests/colorLib/builder_test.py
@@ -441,6 +441,19 @@ def test_buildPaintColorGlyph():
     paint = builder.buildPaintColorGlyph("a")
     assert paint.Format == ot.Paint.Format.PaintColorGlyph
     assert paint.Glyph == "a"
+    assert paint.FirstLayerIndex == 0
+    assert paint.LastLayerIndex == 255
+
+    paint = builder.buildPaintColorGlyph("a", firstLayerIndex=1, lastLayerIndex=254)
+    assert paint.FirstLayerIndex == 1
+    assert paint.LastLayerIndex == 254
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Expected first <= last index"):
+        builder.buildPaintColorGlyph("a", 255, 0)
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="firstLayerIndex .* out of range"):
+        builder.buildPaintColorGlyph("a", -1, 255)
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="lastLayerIndex .* out of range"):
+        builder.buildPaintColorGlyph("a", 0, 256)
 
 
 def test_buildPaintTransform():
diff --git a/Tests/ttLib/tables/C_O_L_R_test.py b/Tests/ttLib/tables/C_O_L_R_test.py
index 4b5c4d8ea..67811f7f5 100644
--- a/Tests/ttLib/tables/C_O_L_R_test.py
+++ b/Tests/ttLib/tables/C_O_L_R_test.py
@@ -197,6 +197,8 @@ COLR_V1_DATA = (
     b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
     b"\x05"  # Paint[0].SourcePaint.Format (5)
     b"\x00\n"  # Paint[0].SourcePaint.Glyph (10)
+    b"\x00"  # Paint[0].SourcePaint.FirstLayerIndex (0)
+    b"\xff"  # Paint[0].SourcePaint.LastLayerIndex (255)
 )
 
 
@@ -324,11 +326,15 @@ COLR_V1_XML = [
     '      <Paint index="0" Format="7"><!-- PaintComposite -->',
     '        <SourcePaint Format="5"><!-- PaintColorGlyph -->',
     '          <Glyph value="glyph00010"/>',
+    '          <FirstLayerIndex value="0"/>',
+    '          <LastLayerIndex value="255"/>',
     "        </SourcePaint>",
     '        <CompositeMode value="src_over"/>',
     '        <BackdropPaint Format="6"><!-- PaintTransform -->',
     '          <Paint Format="5"><!-- PaintColorGlyph -->',
     '            <Glyph value="glyph00010"/>',
+    '            <FirstLayerIndex value="0"/>',
+    '            <LastLayerIndex value="255"/>',
     "          </Paint>",
     "          <Transform>",
     '            <xx value="1.0"/>',