diff --git a/Tests/ufoLib/ufoLib_test.py b/Tests/ufoLib/ufoLib_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ed39e85a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/ufoLib/ufoLib_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import logging
+import shutil
+
+from fontTools.misc import plistlib
+from fontTools.ufoLib import UFOReader, UFOWriter, UFOFormatVersion
+from fontTools.ufoLib.errors import UFOLibError, UnsupportedUFOFormat
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ufo_path(tmp_path):
+    ufodir = tmp_path / "TestFont.ufo"
+    ufodir.mkdir()
+    with (ufodir / "metainfo.plist").open("wb") as f:
+        plistlib.dump({"creator": "pytest", "formatVersion": 3}, f)
+    (ufodir / "glyphs").mkdir()
+    with (ufodir / "layercontents.plist").open("wb") as f:
+        plistlib.dump([("public.default", "glyphs")], f)
+    return ufodir
+
+
+def test_formatVersion_deprecated(ufo_path):
+    reader = UFOReader(ufo_path)
+
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning) as warnings:
+        assert reader.formatVersion == 3
+
+    assert len(warnings) == 1
+    assert "is deprecated; use the 'formatVersionTuple'" in warnings[0].message.args[0]
+
+
+def test_formatVersionTuple(ufo_path):
+    reader = UFOReader(ufo_path)
+
+    assert reader.formatVersionTuple == (3, 0)
+    assert reader.formatVersionTuple.major == 3
+    assert reader.formatVersionTuple.minor == 0
+    assert str(reader.formatVersionTuple) == "3.0"
+
+
+def test_readMetaInfo_errors(ufo_path):
+    (ufo_path / "metainfo.plist").unlink()
+    with pytest.raises(UFOLibError, match="'metainfo.plist' is missing"):
+        UFOReader(ufo_path)
+
+    (ufo_path / "metainfo.plist").write_bytes(plistlib.dumps({}))
+    with pytest.raises(UFOLibError, match="Missing required formatVersion"):
+        UFOReader(ufo_path)
+
+    (ufo_path / "metainfo.plist").write_bytes(plistlib.dumps([]))
+    with pytest.raises(UFOLibError, match="metainfo.plist is not properly formatted"):
+        UFOReader(ufo_path)
+
+
+def test_readMetaInfo_unsupported_format_version(ufo_path, caplog):
+    metainfo = {"formatVersion": 10, "formatVersionMinor": 15}
+    (ufo_path / "metainfo.plist").write_bytes(plistlib.dumps(metainfo))
+
+    with pytest.raises(UnsupportedUFOFormat):
+        UFOReader(ufo_path)  # validate=True by default
+
+    with pytest.raises(UnsupportedUFOFormat):
+        UFOReader(ufo_path, validate=True)
+
+    caplog.clear()
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="fontTools.ufoLib"):
+        UFOReader(ufo_path, validate=False)
+
+    assert len(caplog.records) == 1
+    assert "Unsupported UFO format" in caplog.text
+    assert "Assuming the latest supported version" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_UFOWriter_formatVersion(tmp_path):
+    ufo_path = tmp_path / "TestFont.ufo"
+    with UFOWriter(ufo_path, formatVersion=3) as writer:
+        assert writer.formatVersionTuple == (3, 0)
+
+    shutil.rmtree(ufo_path)
+    with UFOWriter(ufo_path, formatVersion=(2, 0)) as writer:
+        assert writer.formatVersionTuple == (2, 0)
+
+
+def test_UFOWriter_formatVersion_default_latest(tmp_path):
+    writer = UFOWriter(tmp_path / "TestFont.ufo")
+    assert writer.formatVersionTuple == UFOFormatVersion.default()
+
+
+def test_UFOWriter_unsupported_format_version(tmp_path):
+    with pytest.raises(UnsupportedUFOFormat):
+        UFOWriter(tmp_path, formatVersion=(123, 456))
+
+
+def test_UFOWriter_previous_higher_format_version(ufo_path):
+    with pytest.raises(
+        UnsupportedUFOFormat, match="UFO located at this path is a higher version"
+    ):
+        UFOWriter(ufo_path, formatVersion=(2, 0))