diff --git a/Lib/fontTools/voltLib/parser.py b/Lib/fontTools/voltLib/parser.py
index db3ccf3ba..09044bbf0 100644
--- a/Lib/fontTools/voltLib/parser.py
+++ b/Lib/fontTools/voltLib/parser.py
@@ -422,16 +422,17 @@ class Parser(object):
         gid = self.expect_number_()
         self.expect_keyword_("GLYPH")
         glyph_name = self.expect_name_()
-        # check for duplicate anchor names on this glyph
-        if (glyph_name in self.anchors_
-                and self.anchors_[glyph_name].resolve(name) is not None):
-            raise VoltLibError(
-                'Anchor "%s" already defined, '
-                'anchor names are case insensitive' % name,
-                location
-            )
         self.expect_keyword_("COMPONENT")
         component = self.expect_number_()
+        # check for duplicate anchor names on this glyph
+        if glyph_name in self.anchors_:
+            anchor = self.anchors_[glyph_name].resolve(name)
+            if anchor is not None and anchor.component == component:
+                raise VoltLibError(
+                    'Anchor "%s" already defined, '
+                    'anchor names are case insensitive' % name,
+                    location
+                )
         if self.next_token_ == "LOCKED":
             locked = True
             self.advance_lexer_()
diff --git a/Tests/voltLib/parser_test.py b/Tests/voltLib/parser_test.py
index 6baf9003a..efe1d373e 100644
--- a/Tests/voltLib/parser_test.py
+++ b/Tests/voltLib/parser_test.py
@@ -936,6 +936,22 @@ class ParserTest(unittest.TestCase):
              False, (None, 250, 0, {}, {}, {}))
         )
 
+    def test_def_anchor_multi_component(self):
+        [anchor1, anchor2] = self.parse(
+            'DEF_ANCHOR "top" ON 120 GLYPH a '
+            'COMPONENT 1 AT POS DX 250 DY 450 END_POS END_ANCHOR\n'
+            'DEF_ANCHOR "top" ON 120 GLYPH a '
+            'COMPONENT 2 AT POS DX 250 DY 450 END_POS END_ANCHOR\n'
+        ).statements
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (anchor1.name, anchor1.gid, anchor1.glyph_name, anchor1.component),
+            ("top", 120, "a", 1)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (anchor2.name, anchor2.gid, anchor2.glyph_name, anchor2.component),
+            ("top", 120, "a", 2)
+        )
+
     def test_def_anchor_duplicate(self):
         self.assertRaisesRegex(
             VoltLibError,